30/08/2026
Hypoglycemia in a pregnant ewe...
In sheep it’s usually called Pregnancy Toxemia or "Twin Lamb Disease".
It’s common in late pregnancy and can be fatal if not treated fast.
What is it?
In the last 4-6 weeks of pregnancy, the lambs grow really fast and need a lot of glucose.
If the ewe isn’t eating enough energy, her blood sugar drops → hypoglycemia.
The body then starts breaking down fat too quickly, causing ketones to build up. That’s pregnancy toxemia.
Main Causes / Risk Factors
1. Not enough feed - sudden weather change, poor quality hay, too many ewes at one trough
2. Stress - transport, shearing, dog chasing, bad weather
3. Carrying multiples - twins or triplets are highest risk
4. Obesity- fat ewes can’t mobilize energy well
5. Illness- anything that makes her go off feed
Signs to Watch For
Early signs:
- Going off feed, separating from flock
- Grinding teeth, dull/depressed
- Trembling, wobbly gait
Later signs:
- Blindness, pressing head against wall/fence
- Lying down and unable to get up
- Sweet/acetone smell on breath
- Coma → death
What to Do - Emergency Treatment
This is urgent. Call a vet ASAP. While waiting:
1. Fast energy: 60-120ml of propylene glycol orally 2-3 times per day. Or 50% dextrose IV by vet
2. Keep her warm and quiet - stress makes it worse
3. High energy feed: Molasses water, good quality hay, concentrates if she’ll eat
4. Vet may give: IV dextrose, B vitamins, steroids, calcium
If lambs are near term and ewe isn’t responding, the vet may recommend inducing lambing or C-section to save the ewe.
Prevention
- Body condition score 3-3.5 before lambing
- Increase feed gradually in last 6 weeks. Twins/triplets need 50-100% more energy
- Multiple feeding spaces so all ewes can eat
- Avoid stress in last month
- Check for ketones in urine with test strips if you have high-risk ewes
Prognosis
If caught early with treatment, many ewes recover. Once they’re down and not eating, survival drops a lot.
FarmField Agro
Adewunmi Bankole
FarmField Agro
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