07/20/2023
The Ayam Cemani is an exceptional chicken breed native to Indonesia. Its distinctiveness lies in a dominant gene that causes hyperpigmentation, known as fibromelanosis. This condition results in the chicken's striking black appearance, extending from its feathers and beak to its internal organs. The Cemani breed is highly esteemed in Bali, particularly in cockfighting circles, due to their exceptionally muscular thighs, which contribute to their impressive speed.
The name "Ayam" translates to "chicken" in Indonesian, while "cemani," derived from Javanese, signifies a thorough blackness that permeates even to the bones.
Originating from the island of Java, Indonesia, the Ayam Cemani breed holds historical significance, potentially dating back to the 12th century, where it was employed for religious and mystical purposes.
Introduced to Europe by Dutch breeder Jan Steverink in 1998, the Ayam Cemani gained recognition and is currently found in several European countries, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic. It is possible that Dutch seamen also transported the breed to Europe.
In Africa, Jean Kiala-Inkisi, a Congolese-Belgian philanthropist, maintains the largest collection of Ayam Cemani with 250 breeding pairs. The African Ornamental Breeders Association (AOBA) in Kenya and the Democratic Republic of the Congo upholds a breeding program to preserve these chickens.
Ayam Cemani exhibits black pigmentation throughout their beaks, tongues, combs, wattles, and even in their meat, bones, and organs. However, their blood retains its normal color. This dark pigmentation arises from fibromelanosis, a genetic condition. Similar pigmentation is observed in other black or blue-skinned chicken breeds like the Silkie.
The roosters of this breed typically weigh between 2 to 2.5 kg (4.4 to 5.5 lb), while the hens range from 1.5 to 2 kg (3.3 to 4.4 lb). Although the hens lay cream-colored eggs, they are generally poor setters and rarely