Creative Idea

27/04/2026

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27/04/2026

19/04/2026

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16/04/2026

Hello

📊 KEY IMPORTANT ECONOMIC FORMULAS

✨ Follow Grow Up Economics

1. GDP (Expenditure Method)

GDP = C + I + G + (X − M)

👉 It measures the total value of final goods & services produced in a country.

C = Household spending
I = Investment by firms
G = Government expenditure
(X − M) = Net exports

2. Inflation Rate

Inflation Rate = (Pt − P0) / P0 × 100

👉 Shows how fast prices are rising in the economy.

Pt = Current price level
P0 = Base year price

3. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED)

PED = % Change in Quantity Demanded / % Change in Price

👉 Measures responsiveness of demand to price change.

PED > 1 → Elastic demand
PED < 1 → Inelastic demand

4. Average Cost (AC)

AC = TC / Q

👉 Cost of producing one unit of output.

5. Marginal Cost (MC)

MC = ΔTC / ΔQ

👉 Extra cost of producing one more unit.

6. Revenue Formulas

▪️TR = P × Q → Total earnings of a firm
▪️AR = TR / Q → Revenue per unit
▪️MR = ΔTR / ΔQ → Extra revenue from one more unit

7. Break-Even Point

TR = TC

👉 Situation of no profit, no loss.

8. Unemployment Rate

Unemployment Rate = (Unemployed / Labour Force) × 100

👉 Percentage of people without jobs but willing to work.

9. Per Capita Income

PCI = National Income / Population

👉 Average income per person (used to compare living standards).

10. Saving Function

S = Y − C
👉 Income left after consumption.

11. Consumption Function

C = a + bY

👉 Shows relation between income & consumption.

a = Minimum consumption (even without income)
b = MPC

12. MPC (Marginal Propensity to Consume)

MPC = ΔC / ΔY

👉 Portion of extra income spent on consumption.

13. Multiplier

k = 1 / (1 − MPC)

👉 Shows how much income increases due to investment.

14. Investment Function

I = I₀

👉 Investment assumed constant (autonomous) in basic models.

15. Total Cost

TC = TFC + TVC

👉 Total cost = Fixed cost + Variable cost.

16. National Income

Y = C + I + G + (X − M)
👉 Total income generated in an economy (same as GDP at market price).

✅ Follow Grow Up Economics

📚 Learn • Grow • Succeed

16/04/2026

Java

16/04/2026

Try

Learn EDA-> https://www.mltut.com/top-coursera-data-analytics-courses/

16/04/2026

Science

16/04/2026

Python

I worked with an intern who presented a p-value of 0.03 and called it significant. I asked him what that meant in practice. He couldn't explain it.

That moment stuck with me. Running the test is not the hard part.

Interpreting the result, in plain language, to someone who does not care about p-values, is the hard part.

Most cheatsheets give you the code. That's why I wanted to create something that has both: the code on the left and how to read the output on the right.

It covers eight tests and measures I use regularly in real business analysis.

- Descriptive statistics to understand your data before you touch it.
- Z-scores for outlier detection.
- Normality checks before you run tests that assume it.
- IQR for skewed distributions where standard deviation will mislead you.
- T-tests and chi-square for comparing groups.
- Correlation and regression to understand relationships, and how much your model actually explains.

The interpretation column is the part that matters most when a stakeholder is looking at you and waiting for an answer.

Save this for your next analysis.

15/04/2026

Yes