Matetoiy dairies ltd

29/07/2025

29/07/2025

Back to business

12/03/2025

𝐂𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐡𝐞𝐞𝐩

Clostridial diseases in sheep are caused by bacteria from the 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 genus, which are widespread in the 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 and can also be part of the 𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙’𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑢𝑡 flora. These diseases are often 𝐬𝐮𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞, frequently leading to 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬. Prevention is primarily achieved through 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐯𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 and good management practices, as 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 once clinical signs appear. The 𝐉𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐜𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐓 vaccine combats the first 10 of the clostridial diseases detailed below:

1. 𝒀𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒃 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 (𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝐴)
• 𝑆𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 - Hemoglobinuria (red urine). Enlarged, pale and friable liver. Dark, swollen kidneys

2. 𝑳𝒂𝒎𝒃 𝒅𝒚𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒚 (𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝐵)
• 𝑆𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 - Abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea

3. 𝑬𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒂 (𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝐶 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑖)
• 𝑆𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 - Bloating and severe bloody diarrhea, rapid decline in condition, sudden death, particularly in young lambs. 𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑖 can cause abortion in ewes
• Results from overfeeding or abrupt dietary changes

4. 𝑷𝒖𝒍𝒑𝒚 𝑲𝒊𝒅𝒏𝒆𝒚 (𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 𝐷)
• 𝑆𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 - Sudden death, especially in rapidly growing lambs, convulsions, frothing at the mouth, and paddling of the legs, rapid decomposition of the kidneys after death

5. 𝑴𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒏𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝑶𝒆𝒅𝒆𝒎𝒂/𝑮𝒂𝒔 𝑮𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒆 (𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑚)
• 𝑆𝑦𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠 - Swelling and fluid/gas accumulation near wounds or injection sites, tissue necrosis and dark discoloration of the skin, fever, lethargy, and rapid death

6. 𝑩𝒓𝒂

10/03/2025

Dairy Terms

10/03/2025

Brucellosis: .................
Brucellosis is a bacterial disease that affects both animals and humans, making it a major concern in veterinary and public health. Caused by Brucella species, this zoonotic disease spreads through direct contact with infected animals, consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, or inhalation of contaminated aerosols.

Brucellosis in Animals

Primarily affects cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs.
Causes abortions, infertility, and reduced milk production.
Transmitted through birth fluids, milk, and contaminated environments.

Brucellosis in Humans

Known as undulant fever or Malta fever.
Symptoms include fever, joint pain, fatigue, and night sweats.
Can lead to chronic complications if untreated.

Prevention and Control

Vaccination: Essential for livestock to prevent outbreaks.
Pasteurization: Heating milk products to kill Brucella bacteria.
Biosecurity Measures: Proper handling of animals and farm hygiene.
Early Diagnosis: Blood tests and bacterial cultures help detect infections in both animals and humans.
Economic and Public Health Impact
Brucellosis causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry due to reduced productivity and trade restrictions. In humans, it leads to prolonged illness, affecting work and quality of life.

Raising awareness and implementing control measures are crucial in preventing the spread of brucellosis.

How can veterinary professionals and farmers collaborate more effectively to combat this disease?

17/10/2024

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! David Papai, Bett Weldon, Mwangi Makindu, Justusmwangi Kariuki

04/09/2024

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Edwin Cheki EN Tegek, Nels Kips Cheruiyot, Cosmas Rutoh, Ian Wona Wona, Enock Mutai, Langat Benson, Meja Felix Davidson, Bett Manuu, Abukuse Tibet Mchelsea, John Mbolonzi, Dan Kip, Sáng Brian, Donald Kipkemboy, Nicky's Ones, Duncan Kibz, Gladys Jepngetich

01/09/2024

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Ufitinema Sage Edouard, Mogendi Maaga, Robert Korir, Kiptoo Juniour, Francis Mutuma, Nicky Kipkoech, Ken Verso, Amon Kiplimoski, Enrique Benz, Lelach Koringo, Ronii Kipz, Daniel Ngetich, Ronald Cheruyot, Mugabe Robert, Dan Olmo

18/08/2024

The rumen
The rumen (on the left side of the animal) is the largest stomach compartment and consists of several sacs. It can hold 25 gallons or more of material depending on the size of the cow. Because of its size, the rumen acts as a storage or holding vat for feed.

Aside from storage, the rumen is also a fermentation vat. The rumen’s environment favors the growth of microbes. These microbes digest or ferment feed within the rumen and make volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The rumen absorbs most of the VFAs from fermentation.

A good blood supply to the rumen walls improves the absorption of VFAs and other digestion products. Tiny projections (papillae) line the rumen, which increases the rumen’s surface area and the amount it can absorb.

The reticulum
The reticulum is a pouch-like structure in the forward area of the body, close to the heart. The tissues in the reticulum form a network similar to a honeycomb. A small tissue fold lies between the reticulum and rumen, but the two aren’t separate compartments. Together they’re called the rumino-reticulum.

Heavy or dense feed and metal objects eaten by the cow drop into this compartment. Nails and other sharp objects may work into the tissue and cause “hardware disease.” You can use magnets to prevent disease or correct the problem through surgery. Leaving it untreated may lead to infection and possibly death.

The omasum
The omasum is a globe-shaped structure containing leaves of tissue (like pages in a book). It absorbs water and other substances from digestive contents. Feed material (ingesta) between the leaves will be drier than the ingesta found in the other compartments.

The abomasum
The abomasum is the only compartment lined with glands. These glands release hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, needed to break down feeds. The abomasum is similar to a nonruminant stomach.
Keep following

18/08/2024

Shout out to my newest followers! Excited to have you onboard! Shii Sherie, Peter Sam, Enohcheryot Lister, Edwardo Chirchir, Mercy Mercii