O Apple

03/02/2024

03/02/2024

03/01/2024

The ancestors of modern man always ate wild apples. Apples have been grown for almost 5 thousand years. The homeland of the domesticated apple tree is the territory of modern southern Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan (the Alatau foothills), where the Sievers apple tree, from which the domestic apple tree originated, is still found in the wild. Presumably, from there, during the time of Alexander the Great or during other migrations, it came to Europe. According to another version, this fruit tree originally grew in the area between the Caspian and Black Seas, and from there it was brought to other areas of the world [unauthorized source]. Charred remains of an apple tree were discovered during excavations of prehistoric lake sites in Switzerland; Apparently, the inhabitants of Europe knew the apple tree well back in Neolithic times, but its domestication in this part of the world occurred much later.

The cradle of apple growing in Europe was Ancient Greece. The writers of Ancient Rome - Cato, Varro, Columella, Pliny the Elder - described 36 varieties of apple trees grown in their time. The apple tree quickly occupied an important place in European culture. The motif of “golden apples”, which supposedly bestow immortality and eternal youth and are therefore often stolen, can be considered a pan-European one. Even the word "paradise" in Celtic sounds like Avalon ("land of apples")

In Russian lands, the cultivated apple tree first appeared in the 11th century in the monastery gardens of Kievan Rus; Thus, under Yaroslav the Wise (in 1051), an apple orchard was founded, later known as the garden of the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. In the 16th century, the apple tree appeared in the northern regions of Rus'. To develop cultivated varieties of apple trees, four types were used: low apple tree, forest apple tree, berry apple tree and plum-leaved or Chinese apple tree.

03/01/2024

An average apple with moderate dietary fiber weighs about 242 grams and contains about 126 calories.

In the 19th century in Great Britain a proverb arose: “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” According to some studies, eating apples may reduce the risk of colon, prostate and lung cancer. Compared to other fruits and vegetables, apples do not contain as much vitamin C, but they are rich in other antioxidants.

Apple fiber, although less than most other fruits, stimulates intestinal motility, which may reduce the risk of cancer. Fiber may also be beneficial for preventing heart disease, losing weight, and lowering cholesterol.

Contains malic, tartaric, citric and other organic acids, sugars (glucose, sucrose and others), vitamins C, A, B1, carotene, tannins and pectin, microelements (iron, copper), macroelements (potassium, calcium, magnesium and others ), essential oil and other substances.

Dried apples are a good source of easily digestible sugars (containing from 8 to 15%), microelements (up to 0.5% of various mineral salts), and the seeds of one average fruit contain about the daily requirement of iodine.

For example, 100 grams of Antonov apples with a calorie content of 48 kcal contain: 0.3 g of proteins, 11.5 g of carbohydrates, 0.02 mg of vitamin B1, 4.9 mg of vitamin C, 16 mg of calcium and 86 mg of potassium.

Apple seeds contain the poisonous glycoside amygdalin.

According to research, red apples are sweeter than green apples.

One apple contains 25% of the daily requirement of ascorbic acid.

When an apple is cut in air, darkening occurs due to the formation of phlobaphenes from polyphenols with the participation of tyrosinase (polyphenol oxidase).

02/28/2024

The domestic apple tree begins to bear fruit (depending on the variety and crop conditions) usually in the 4th-12th year, the productive period is 40-50 years. Fruiting occurs at the ends of shortened branches (rings, spears, fruit twigs). Blooms in April-May. Flowering lasts 8-12 days. Pollination is cross-pollination. With abundant flowering, about 30% of the ovaries set and develop to mature fruits, the rest crumble.
An average apple with moderate dietary fiber weighs about 242 grams and contains about 126 calories.

In the 19th century in Great Britain a proverb arose: “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” According to some studies, eating apples may reduce the risk of colon, prostate and lung cancer. Compared to other fruits and vegetables, apples do not contain as much vitamin C, but they are rich in other antioxidants.

02/26/2024

Trees with a spreading spherical or ovoid crown, 2-10 m and higher in height. The root system is taprooted, with lateral branches.

The branches are shortened (fruiting), on which flower buds are laid, and elongated (growth).

The leaves are petiolate, entire, alternate, glabrous or pubescent below, with falling or remaining stipules. The shape is usually ovoid, the edge of the leaves is crenate or serrate.

The flowers are collected in few-flowered semi-umbrella-shaped or corymbose inflorescences. The color of the flowers can vary from completely white to soft pink and bright crimson. Apple flowers are protogynous: the gynoecium matures before the androecium. Pollinated by insects.

The fruit is an apple arising from the inferior o***y. The gynoecium is enclosed in the inferior o***y. As the fruit develops, the carpels become cartilaginous, parchment-like, and leathery. A section of the fruit clearly shows the boundary between the tissues of the hypanthium and the tissues of the o***y, outlined by a circle of more densely located cells and vascular bundles.

02/24/2024

The Russian word apple arose as a result of adding the prosthetic initial “j” to praslav. *ablъko; the latter is formed using the suffix -ъk - from the late Proto-Indo-European stem *āblu - “apple” (the same stem goes back to Lit. obuolỹs, Latvian ābols, English apple, German Apfel, Gaulish avallo, Old Irish aball[ 2][3]). This basis represents the regionalism of the northwestern Indo-European languages and goes back, in turn, to the common Indo-European basis (reconstructed as *(a)masl- or as *ŝamlu-). With the suffix -on- the same base gave apple trees (later apple tree).

The Latin words mālum “apple” and mālus “apple tree” also go back to ancestral i.e. *(a)masl-/*ŝamlu-.

02/22/2024

Good morning

02/22/2024

The most widespread is the domestic apple tree; the plum apple tree is less commonly grown. The size of the red, green, yellow or orange spherical fruits is 5-13 cm in diameter. It comes from Central Asia, where the wild ancestor of the domestic apple tree, the Sievers apple tree, still grows. Today there are many varieties of this type of apple tree growing in different climatic conditions. According to the time of ripening, summer, autumn and winter varieties are distinguished; later varieties are distinguished by good resistance.