03/26/2026
AMERICA HAS LOST 177,000 FARMS SINCE 2017 — AND WE ARE AT THE LOWEST FARM COUNT SINCE BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR
This is perhaps the most important agricultural statistic in America right now, and it receives almost no national attention.
The United States Census of Agriculture is conducted every five years. It is the most comprehensive count of American farms and farmers that exists.
Here is what it has found, combined with USDA annual survey data:
• 2017 Census: 2,042,220 farms
• 2022 Census: 1,900,487 farms (a loss of 141,733 — the largest 5-year decline in percentage terms in over 20 years)
• 2024 USDA Annual Survey: approximately 1,880,000 farms
• 2025 USDA Annual Survey: approximately 1,865,000 farms
Net loss since 2017: approximately 177,000 farms.
That number — 1.865 million — is the lowest farm count in the United States since before the Civil War.
The USDA has been tracking farm numbers since 1840.
We have never, in the modern era, had fewer farms than we do right now.
For context: the United States had approximately 6 million farms at its peak in the 1940s.
We have lost more than two-thirds of American farms over the past 80 years. But the current rate of decline is accelerating, not slowing.
THE SILENT CLOSURES
These 177,000 lost farms did not all file bankruptcy. In fact, the vast majority did not.
Over the same period, Chapter 12 farm bankruptcy filings totaled roughly 2,600 — meaning formal bankruptcy accounts for about 1.5% of all farm exits.
The other 98.5% were silent closures: farms sold to neighboring operations, absorbed by corporate consolidators, purchased by institutional investors, or simply abandoned as aging operators retired with no heirs willing or able to take over.
This is the "iceberg effect" of American farm loss.
The 315 bankruptcies in 2025 are the visible tip.
The estimated 15,000–20,000 silent closures in the same year are the mass below the waterline.
THE LAND ISN'T GONE — BUT THE FARMERS ARE
Here is what makes this crisis structurally different from the 1980s farm crisis or the Dust Bowl era: the land is not lying idle.
It is being absorbed.
When a family farm exits today, its land typically goes to one of four destinations:
1. A neighboring larger farm that expands its acreage
2. A corporate farming operation
3. An institutional investor (REIT, private equity, pension fund) that holds the land as a financial asset and leases it back to operators
4. A non-farming landlord who rents the land to a tenant farmer
The USDA's 2024 Tenure, Ownership and Transition of Agricultural Land (TOTAL) survey confirmed that the majority of rented US farmland — 347.8 million acres — is now owned by non-farming landlords.
The people who grow the food no longer own the land they grow it on.
This is a profound structural shift. It has happened largely within a single decade. And it is accelerating.
THE ENTRY BARRIER IS BREAKING
New farmers are entering the system, but not at the rate needed to replace what is being lost.
USDA data shows that beginning producers (those with 10 or fewer years of experience) grew 11% from 2017 to 2022, and now represent 30% of all producers.
But look beneath the headline:
• The average beginning farmer is 47.1 years old — not a young person entering agriculture, but often someone taking over a family operation or starting a second-career hobby farm
• 58% of beginning farmers report farming is NOT their primary occupation
• Young producers under age 35 represent only 9% of all producers
• Average US farmland has increased 43% in value since 2017, to approximately $4,400 per acre — making first-generation entry prohibitively expensive
The new farmers entering the system are largely part-time operators and career changers.
The farms being lost are predominantly full-time, multigenerational, commercially productive operations.
The replacement is not equivalent.
IN 2025, NO STATE IN AMERICA SAW A NET GAIN IN FARM NUMBERS.
Not one.
Texas alone lost 2,000 farm operations in a single year.
The erosion is nationwide, relentless, and structurally embedded in economics, land prices, and demographics.
WHERE THIS IS HEADING
If current trends continue, the United States could fall below 1.8 million farms before the 2027 USDA annual survey — and below 1.5 million within 15 years.
At that point, the independent American farm — the multigenerational, privately owned, non-corporate family operation — would represent a minority of agricultural production by any meaningful measure.
This is not alarmism.
This is where the trend lines point.
Sources: USDA NASS Census of Agriculture (2017, 2022), USDA Annual Land in Farms surveys (2023–2025), USDA TOTAL Survey (2024), American Farm Bureau Federation, USDA Economic Research Service