Oziva kuqhala indaba

02/04/2025

26/03/2025

Nucleotides are the basic units from which nucleic acids are formed

DNA (abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid) is a nucleic acids genetic information carried by every cell and directing all the activities of the cell. It is a large large organic molecules with 2 strands twisted into a spiral staircase shape (double helix). Each mocleotide is made of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a base (adenine A thymine T, guanine G, or cytosine C), and phosphate. The sequence of nucleotides on one strand of the double helix determines the sequence on the other, as the bases in the nucleotides bind in pairs (A to T and G to C: These are called complementary base pairs)

Replication is the production of identical copies of DNA. The two strands separate, and nucleotides form a new strand by binding to correct bases on a piece of single-stranded DNA.

Chromatid is one of the 2 arms of a chromosome which has replicated before cell division

Centromere is the section in the middle of the chromosome where the chromatids join and where there are no genes

25/03/2025

Namhlanje sizothetha nge genetics (inheritance)

Genetic is the branch of biology which is concerned with the study of hereditary information transferred from one generation to the next.
Gene a gene is the unit of hereditary information, composed of a section of DNA 🧬 which acts as a chemical instruction for protein synthesis. Each gene determines the synthesis of a particular protein. Each gene occupies a specific position on a chromosome called its locus its locus. Genes can undergo mutation
Chromosome a chromosome is a long coil of DNA which is made up of genes in a linear sequence which are found in the nucleus of plant and animal cells. They are arranged in pairs of homologous chromosomes. Every species has it own members of chromosomes per cell called its diploid number. Humans have 46(matched pairs and one pair of s*x chromosome).
Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes having the same structural feature. Each member of the pair of chromosomes has the same number and pattern of genes but may have different alleles
Allele (or allelomorph) an allele is an alternative form of a particular gene. In a diploid cell there are usually two alleles of each gene (one from each parent). They occupy the some relative position (locus) on homologous chromosomes.
Nucleic acid are complex organic acids found in a cell nucleus and responsible for storing and transferring genetic information there are two types DNA and RNA

SSakhingomso media

17/03/2025

Ear (hearing and balance

Ear the ear is the sensory organ for hearing, and in vertebrates also for the maintenance of balance.
Hearing is the sense by which we detect sounds
Balance is the sense by which the brain detects the position of the head, so that it can coordinate the muscles to keep the body upright.
Structure of the human ear. The human ear can be divided into the outer middle and inner ear. The outer and middle aer both contain air, but the inner ear is filled
Outer ear (or external ear) the outer ear is the part of the ear external to the eardrum. It includes the ear flap (pinna) which responsible for directing the sound along the auditory canal to the eardrum. The lining of the auditory canal contains special sebaceous glands which secrete wax
Eardrum (or tympanum or typanic membrane) the eardrum is a membrane at the end of the auditory canal which transmits sound vibrations from the outer ear to the ossicles of the middle ear
Middle ear the middle ear is an air filled cavity between the outer and inner ear. It contain the ossicles.
Ossicles the ossicles are chain of the three small bones in the middle ear which amplify the vibrations of the eardrum.
The malleus (or hammer) is first ossicle which vibrates as it touches the eardrum
The incus (or anvil) is the second ossicles, which vibrates as it touches the eardrum
The incus (or anvil) is the second ossicles which transmits the vibration from the malleus to the stapes
The stapes (or stirrup) is the third ossicle, which causes oval window to vibrate at the some frequency as the eardrum
Oval window (fenestra ovalis) the oval window is a membrane-covered opening between the middle and inner ear. It transmits vibrations to the cochlea
Eustachian tube the eustachian tube connects the middle aer to back of the throat. It helps to equalise the pressure on both sides of the eardrum allowing it to vibrate. Unequal pressure causes the ears to pop

16/03/2025

13/03/2025

https://youtu.be/Izgp9Spt7HM?si=1afMKdKo_Wqu-t_f

Ngephi topic ofuna ucedo kuyo?

07/12/2024

02/12/2024

UNobendiba ukrokrel' umyeni wakhe kuSisi oncedisayo. Aqaphele ngokutshayinta oku ukuba uSkomora uzakuduka ngolo rhatya. Watsiba kuqala esiyakucela uSisi lowo ukuba makakhe agoduke abuye ngengomso, waze yena wayakulala kwela gumbi lingasemva. Ngenene ekuhambeni kobusuku, wafik' umntu, waziqhusheka ezingubeni akabuza, zaduma. Sekuhanjwe umgama, kugatyadelwe, wahlahlamba UNobendibai eyuca le ndoda, esithi, "Kanti unamandla kangaka! ude ugwencele uphindaphinda, lento ungayenziyo phaya endlwini!" Bothuka bakuqaphelana ukuba nguBhuti osebenza egadini lo, noBhuti lowo, weshwace, sel' ebuza, "Hayibo! Madam! Nguwe lo? Ufunani apha?" Iintloni ezilapho, limyile UNobendiba, aphel' emqaleni. Ungathini

02/12/2024

Ucinge ntoni ngokubanjwa kukaKineilwe Shalaba,32 oxoke esithi umntwana wakhe ona2 uxhwiliwe emqolo embelekile kwabalekwa naye ngesithuthi ngamadoda angawaziyo kanti umthengisile ngalamhla we10 kuNovember, waxelela amaPolisa kwintsuku ezintathu ezilandelayo, akuxinwa ngemibuzo wayichaz’inyaniso? Wathini xa esithi akasafuni kwabheyile leyo kuMantyi waseVandebylpark eRautini?
Ixhaphake kangakanani lemikhuba, kwaye yintoni ekhaphelela koku kubazali, amanina ngokumandla? Akukho sazela kumzali?